Organisation De Cooperation Et De Developpement Economiques
16 Septembre 2011
9789264119918
Innovation is key to green growth. It helps decouple growth from natural capital depletion and contributes to economic growth and job creation. Business is the driver of innovation, but governments need to provide clear and stable market signals, e.g. through carbon pricing. This book explores policy actions for the deployment of new technologies and innovations as they emerge: investment in research and development, support for commercialisation, strengthening markets and fostering technology diffusion. Competition will be essential to bring out the best solutions.
Organisation De Cooperation Et De Developpement Economiques
14 Mai 2014
9789264195370
Il est indispensable de bien comprendre les facteurs qui influencent les décisions des individus à l´égard de l'environnement si l´on veut élaborer des stratégies de croissance qui favorisent des modes de vie plus « verts ». Les récents travaux menés par
Organisation De Cooperation Et De Developpement Economiques
25 Avril 2014
9789264185111
Le programme d'examens environnementaux de l'OCDE propose des évaluations indépendantes des progrès accomplis par les pays eu égard à leurs engagements nationaux et internationaux en matière d'environnement, ainsi que des recommandations orientées vers l'action des pouvoirs publics. Ces examens ont pour objectif de promouvoir l'apprentissage entre pairs, d'encourager les pays à rendre compte de leur action aux autres pays et à leur opinion publique, ainsi que d'améliorer les performances environnementales des gouvernements, individuellement et collectivement. Les analyses s'appuient sur un large éventail de données économiques et environnementales. Chaque cycle d'examens environnementaux couvre la totalité des pays membres de l'OCDE ainsi que certains pays partenaires.Les examens les plus récents sont: l'Allemagne (2012), la Slovénie (2012), Israël (2011) et la République slovaque (2011).Ce rapport est le troisième examen environnemental du Mexique. Il évalue les progrès vers le développement durable et la croissance verte et met l'accent sur les politiques relatives au changement climatique, à la conservation de la biodiversité et des forêts.
Organisation De Cooperation Et De Developpement Economiques
4 Janvier 2014
9789264186224
Ce rapport est le troisième examen des performances environnementales de l'Italie. Il évalue les progrès vers le développement durable et la croissance verte, et met l'accent sur les politiques qui favorisent une gestion plus efficace et efficiente de l'eau et la lutte contre le changement climatique.
Organisation De Cooperation Et De Developpement Economiques
8 Novembre 2013
9789264194236
This report considers the potential of marine biotechnology to contribute to economic and social prosperity by making use of recent advances in science and technology. It discusses scientific and technological tools at the centre of a renewed interest in marine biotechnology, contributing to a new bioeconomy sector in many countries, and offering potential new solutions to global challenges. It also examines how these advances are improving our understanding of marine life and facilitating access to, and study of, marine organisms and ecosystems, and it considers the largely untapped potential of these bioresources.
This promise is considered alongside the challenges associated with the development of these resources which exist with complex ecosystems and fluidly distributed in a vast, largely shared environment. The report makes the case for a new global framework for the sustainable development of marine biotechnology and identifies some areas that will benefit from focused attention as governments develop policies to support it. In addition to this prospective view, this report identifies some early policy lessons learned by the governments which are leading attempts to benefit from bioresources.
Organisation De Cooperation Et De Developpement Economiques
30 Novembre 2013
9789264202399
This publication examines the critical issues surrounding water security (water shortage, water excess, inadequate water quality, the resilience of freshwater systems), providing a rationale for a risk-based approach and the management of trade-offs between water and other (sectoral and environmental) policies.
The report sets out a three-step process to "know", "target" and "manage" water risks: (1) appraising the risks, (2) judging the tolerability and acceptability of risks and weighing risk-risk trade-offs, and (3) calibrating appropriate responses.
The publication provides policy analysis and guidance on the use of market-based instruments and the complex links between water security and other policy objectives, such as food security, energy security, climate mitigation and biodiversity protection.
Organisation De Cooperation Et De Developpement Economiques
23 Août 2014
9789264209763
The National Accounts of OECD Countries, Financial Balance Sheets includes financial stocks (both financial assets and liabilities), by institutional sector (non-financial corporations, financial corporations, general government, households and non-profit institutions serving households, total economy and rest of the world) and by financial instrument.
Organisation De Cooperation Et De Developpement Economiques
8 Novembre 2013
9789264200432
This report sets out the challenge for freshwater in a changing climate and provides policy guidance on how to navigate this new "waterscape". It highlights the range of expected changes in the water cycle and the challenge of making practical, on-site adaptation decisions for water. It offers policymakers a risk-based approach to better "know", "target" and "manage" water risks and proposes policy guidelines to prioritise action and improve the efficiency, timeliness and equity of adaptation responses.
The report also highlights general trends and good practices drawn from the OECD Survey of Policies on Water and Climate Change Adaptation, covering all 34 member countries and the European Commission. Individual country profiles are available, which provide a snapshot of the challenges posed by climate change for freshwater and the emerging policy responses (on-line only).
Finally, the report highlights the benefits of well-designed economic instruments (e.g. insurance schemes, water trading, water pricing), ecosystem-based approaches and `real options´ approaches to financing. These approaches can improve the flexibility of water policy and investment, reducing the cost of adjusting to changing conditions.
Organisation De Cooperation Et De Developpement Economiques
23 Août 2014
9789264209497
Climate-related disasters have inflicted increasingly high losses on developing countries, and with climate change, these losses are likely to worsen. Improving country resilience against climate risks is therefore vital for achieving poverty reduction and economic development goals.
This report discusses the current state of knowledge on how to build climate resilience in developing countries. It argues that climate-resilient development requires moving beyond the climate-proofing of existing development pathways, to consider economic development objectives and resilience priorities in parallel. Achieving this will require political vision and a clear understanding of the relation between climate and development, as well as an adapted institutional set-up, financing arrangements, and progress monitoring and evaluation. The report also discusses two priorities for climate-resilient development: disaster risk management and the involvement of the private sector.
The report builds on a growing volume of country experiences on building climate resilience into national development planning. Two country case studies, Ethiopia and Colombia, are discussed in detail.
Organisation De Cooperation Et De Developpement Economiques
7 Janvier 2013
9789264180420
In many OECD countries, governments have invested large amounts of public money to support renewable energy (RE) development and are requiring significant quantities of it to be sold by energy providers. But what are the economic impacts of these policies on the rural regions where deployment takes place? How can RE bring the greatest benefit to host regions? These are some of the questions explored by this study. Drawing on case studies in 16 regions within 10 countries, the research finds that while RE indeed represents an opportunity for stimulating economic growth in rural communities, its development benefits are not automatic. Realising them requires a complex and flexible policy framework and a long-term strategy, as well as a realistic appreciation of the potential gains from RE deployment. Making a positive connection between RE development and local economic growth will require more coherent strategies, the right set of local conditions, and a place-based approach to deployment.
Organisation De Cooperation Et De Developpement Economiques
7 Novembre 2011
9789264096820
While efficient ports are vital to the economic development of their surrounding areas, the related ship traffic, the handling of the goods in the ports and the hinterland distribution can cause a number of negative environmental impacts.
This book examines the environmental impacts of international maritime transport, and looks more in detail at the impacts stemming from near-port shipping activities, the handling of the goods in the ports and from the distribution of the goods to the surrounding regions. It focuses on five ports: Los Angeles and Long Beach, California, the United States; Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Port MetroVancouver, Canada; and Busan, Korea.
The book provides examples of the environmental problems related to port activities (such as air pollution and emissions of greenhouse gases, water pollution, noise, spread of invasive species, etc.) and highlights a number of different policy instruments that can be used to limit the negative impacts. It is a valuable resource for policy makers and researchers alike.
Further reading Globalisation, Transport and the Environment (2010)
Organisation De Cooperation Et De Developpement Economiques
22 Mars 2013
9789264169272
Ce premier examen des performances environnementales de la Slovénie évalue les progrès réalisés dans le domaine du développement durable, l'amélioration de la gestion des ressources naturelles, l'intégration des politiques environnementales et économiques et le renforcement de la coopération internationale. Il couvre des sujets tels que la croissance verte, la gestion environnementale, le changement climatique, la pollution atmosphérique et la gestion des déchets.
Organisation De Cooperation Et De Developpement Economiques
Gouvernance
22 Mars 2013
9789264187672
The report provides evidence-based assessment and policy recommendations in support of Mexico's water reform.
It analyses implementation bottlenecks and identifies good practices in four key areas considered as essential drivers for change in the water sector of Mexico: multi-level and river basin governance; economic efficiency and financial sustainability; and regulatory functions for water supply and sanitation.
This report is the result of a one-year policy dialogue between the OECD and Mexico, after the adoption of the 2030 Water Agenda as a strategic and long-term vision for Mexico's water sector.
Organisation De Cooperation Et De Developpement Economiques
30 Novembre 2013
9789264190795
This review of Estonia's energy policies analyses the energy policy challenges and opportunities facing Estonia, and provides critiques and recommendations for future policy improvements. It finds that Estonia is actively seeking to reduce the intensity of its energy system. Many of these efforts are focused on oil shale, which the country has been using for almost a century and which meets 70% of its energy demand. While it provides a large degree of energy security, oil shale is highly carbon-intensive.The government is seeking to lessen the negative environmental impact by phasing out old power plants and developing new technologies to reduce significantly CO2 emissions.The efforts on oil shale complement Estonia's solid track record of modernising its overall energy system. Since restoring its independence in 1991, Estonia has fully liberalised its electricity and gas markets and attained most national energy policy targets and commitments for 2020. It has also started preparing its energy strategy to 2030, with an outlook to 2050. Estonia is also promoting energy market integration with neighbouring EU member states.
Organisation De Cooperation Et De Developpement Economiques
28 Mars 2015
9789264213692
This report is the third OECD review of Sweden's environmental performance. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with a focus on Sweden's longstanding commitment to mitigating emissions of greenhouse gases and its management of marine ecosystem services and water.
Organisation De Cooperation Et De Developpement Economiques
8 Avril 2015
9789264224070
Southeast Asia's booming economy offers tremendous growth potential, but also large and interlinked economic, social and environmental challenges. The region's current growth model is based in large part on natural resource exploitation, exacerbating these challenges. This report provides evidence that, with the right policies and institutions, Southeast Asia can pursue green growth and thus sustain the natural capital and environmental services, including a stable climate, on which prosperity depends.Carried out in consultation with officials and researchers from across the region, Towards Green Growth in Southeast Asia provides a framework for regional leaders to design their own solutions to move their countries towards green growth.
Organisation De Cooperation Et De Developpement Economiques
25 Juillet 2014
9789264181250
The taxation of different sources and uses of energy (particularly those that give rise to emissions of greenhouse gases) will play a key role in governments' efforts to mitigate the scale of global warming and climate change. At present, effective tax rates vary widely across different sources and uses of energy within countries, as well as across countries. This publication provides the first systematic statistics of such effective tax rates - on a comparable basis - for each OECD country, together with 'maps' that illustrate graphically the wide variations in tax rates per unit of energy or per tonne of CO2 emissions. These statistics and maps should be an invaluable tool for policymakers, analysts and researchers considering both domestic fiscal reform in response to climate change and other environmental challenges (e.g.
To achieve emissions reductions targets most cost-effectively) and wider international responses.
Organisation De Cooperation Et De Developpement Economiques
18 Avril 2013
9789264192652
Base erosion constitutes a serious risk to tax revenues, tax sovereignty and tax fairness for many countries. While there are many ways in which domestic tax bases can be eroded, a significant source of base erosion is profit shifting. This report presents the studies and data available regarding the existence and magnitude of base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS), and contains an overview of global developments that have an impact on corporate tax matters and identifies the key principles that underlie the taxation of cross-border activities, as well as the BEPS opportunities these principles may create. The report concludes that current rules provide opportunities to associate more profits with legal constructs and intangible rights and obligations, and to legally shift risk intra-group, with the result of reducing the share of profits associated with substantive operations. The report recommends the development of an action plan to address BEPS issues in a comprehensive manner.
Organisation De Cooperation Et De Developpement Economiques
18 Avril 2013
9789264175525
Electricity use is growing worldwide, providing a range of energy services: lighting, heating and cooling, specific industrial uses, entertainment, information technologies, and mobility. Because its generation remains largely based on fossil fuels, electricity is also the largest and the fastest-growing source of energy-related CO2 emissions, the primary cause of human-induced climate change. Forecasts from the IEA and others show that «decarbonising» electricity and enhancing end-use efficiency can make major contributions to the fight against climate change.
Global and regional trends on electricity supply and demand indicate the magnitude of the decarbonisation challenge ahead. As climate concerns become an essential component of energy policy-making, the generation and use of electricity will be subject to increasingly strong policy actions by governments to reduce their associated CO2 emissions. Despite these actions, and despite very rapid growth in renewable energy generation, significant technology and policy challenges remain if this unprecedented essential transition is to be achieved.
This book provides an authoritative resource on progress to date in this area, with statistics related to CO2 and the electricity sector across ten regions of the world. It also presents topical analyses on meeting the challenge of rapidly curbing CO2 emissions from electricity, from both a policy and technology perspective.
Organisation De Cooperation Et De Developpement Economiques
2 Août 2013
9789264190733
Sweden has made progress in recent years towards a more secure, sustainable energy future. The Scandinavian nation already has an almost carbon-free electricity supply and has phased out oil use in residential and power sectors. It is increasingly integrated within the Nordic and Baltic electricity markets, and its joint renewable electricity certificate market with Norway offers a unique model for other countries.
Now Sweden must take concrete steps to realise its vision of a fossil-fuel-independent vehicle fleet by 2030 and no net greenhouse-gas emissions by 2050. Although Sweden has decided to allow the replacement of its existing nuclear reactors, further emission reductions will come at a higher cost and require technology change. This means Sweden will need to carefully evaluate the most cost-effective pathways for its transition to a low-carbon economy.
Sweden has a high energy-intensity level, which requires greater energy efficiency in industry, buildings, heat and transport. A decarbonisation vision should be mapped out for each industry sector. Starting with transport, Sweden must specify how it will wean its vehicle fleet from fossil fuels by 2030.
Sweden's industry lead in smart grids is an asset. Sweden should scale up investment in clean energy technologies.
Organisation De Cooperation Et De Developpement Economiques
31 Août 2013
9789264200371
Parce que l´innovation technologique peut permettre d´atteindre des objectifs environnementaux à moindre coût, il importe de comprendre en quoi l´élaboration des politiques de l´environnement et l´innovation technologique sont liées.
Cela est particulièrement vrai dans le domaine du changement climatique, où les coûts estimés de la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre dans l´avenir dépendent en grande partie de la trajectoire technologique empruntée par l´économie. Les politiques publiques ont sans doute le pouvoir d´accélérer le développement et la diffusion des technologies d´atténuation du changement climatique et d´adaptation à ce phénomène, mais nous disposons d´encore trop peu de données concrètes et empiriques sur le sujet.
Ce rapport présente une série d´articles qui étudient dans quelle mesure l´innovation technologique peut réduire les coûts induits par la réalisation des objectifs en matière d'atténuation des changements climatiques.
Organisation De Cooperation Et De Developpement Economiques
11 Août 2011
9789264090248
Les entreprises sont de plus en plus conscientes de la nécessité d'agir face au changement climatique. Cependant, tandis qu'un certain nombre d'entre elles, les pionnières, ont pris des mesures de protection du climat, nombreuses sont celles qui tardent à suivre. Ce rapport passe en revue les pratiques responsables des entreprises dans la lutte contre le changement climatique et l'évolution vers une économie sobre en carbone. Il dresse la synthèse des politiques publiques, des réglementations et autres instruments mis en place par les autorités pour faciliter la transition vers une économie sobre en carbone dans les pays de l´OCDE et les économies émergentes ; ainsi que les mesures prises par les entreprises pour y faire face.
Utilisant les principes de responsabilité des entreprises identifiés dans les Principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales, ce rapport passe en revue trois domaines essentiels : la comptabilisation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre ; la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre ; et la mobilisation des fournisseurs, consommateurs et autres acteurs.
Les résultats de cette publication contribuent à la Stratégie pour une croissance verte élaborée par l'OCDE dans le but de fournir aux gouvernements des outils pour les aider à mobiliser le potentiel d'une croissance plus verte.
Organisation De Cooperation Et De Developpement Economiques
5 Juin 2008
9789264044265
Published within the framework of the OECD Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables, this binder presents comments and illustrations to facilitate the interpretation of standards in force and is a valuable tool for both the inspection authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in the international trade in this product.
